During your hikes in the Basque Country, you will have the opportunity to see the famous Basque cross. Much more than a simple symbol, it is a powerful cultural emblem of the Basque Country, embodying the history and traditions of this unique region. But what is its origin and what exactly does it represent? Read on to discover its mysteries.
Origins of the Basque cross
The Basque cross is one of the most emblematic symbols of the Basque Country. Present for centuries, it embodies the cultural and spiritual identity of this unique region. The precise origins of the Basque cross remain mysterious and give rise to numerous interpretations.
Some historians link it to Celtic symbols or solar representations dating back to Antiquity.
A pre-Indo-European mythological representation sees in its curves the struggle of light against darkness, but also and above all an allegory of the four elements that make up the universe: fire, water, wind and air.
The solar system is represented by the cross itself in the form of a swastika (which brings good fortune and luck).
F.Perrot - ADT 64
The emblem of Basque Country : Lauburu
The Basque cross is shaped like a helix of 4 branches (which gives it its name "four heads" lauburu in Basque). Their shape could be described as a comma, with each branch consisting of 3 semicircles.
In civilization, this dynamic appearance caused the cross to turn on itself, often clockwise, representing the movement of time and life.
Both a good-luck charm and representative of our environmental system, the Basque cross could be borrowed by Respyrénées to express the values we hold so dear...
A symbol of Basque identity
This symbol has evolved over time to become a powerful marker of identity, used in art, crafts and even religious rituals in the Basque Country. It is a true symbol of belonging that reflects Basque culture. So don't be surprised when you're hiking or strolling through Basque villages to see a whole array of Basque crosses decorating houses or numerous objects: household linen, crockery, jewellery, Basque cake...
Discover our hikes and holidays in the Basque Country
To extend your experience and fully explore the Basque Country, Respyrénées offers a unique selection of themed hikes and holidays that combine nature, culture and heritage. Whether you love spectacular landscapes, are passionate about history or curious about local traditions, we have the ideal itinerary for you!
